Red
Fort
Red
Fort is one of the most magnificent palaces in the world. India's history is
also closely linked with this fort. It was frorth here ht the British deposed
the last Mughal ruler, Bhadur Shah Zafar, marking the end of the three century
long Mughal rule. It was also fromits ramparts that the first prime. Minister
of India, pandit Jawharlal Nehru, announced to the nation that India was free
form colonial rule.
The mughal emperor, Shah Jahan, after ruling from Agra for eleven years, decided
to shift to Delhi and laid the foundation stone of the Red Fort in 1618. For
its inauguration in 1647, the main halls of the palace were draped in rich tapestry
and covered with silk from china and velvet from Turkey. With a circumference
of almost one and a half miles, the fort is an irregular octagon and has two
entrances, the Lahore and Delhi Gates.
Form the Lahore Gate, a visitor has access to the Chatta Chowk (vaulted arcade
) which as once a royal market and housed court jewelers, miniature painters
carpet manufacturers, workers in enamel, silk weavers and families of specialized
craftsmen. The road from the royal market leads to the Nawabarkhana (band house)
where the royal band played five times a day. The band house also marks the
entry into the main palace and all visitors, except royalty had to dismount
here.
The
Diwani-I-Am is the Red Fort's hall of public audience. Built of sandstone covered
with shell plaster polished to look like ivory, the 80 x 40 feet hall is sub-divided
by columns. The Mughal emperors would hold court here and meet dignitaries and
foreign emissaries. The most imposing feature of the Diwqani-I-Am is the alcove
in the back wall where the emperor sat in state on a richly carved and inlaid
marble platform. In the recess behind the platform are fine examples of Italian
pietra-dura work.
The piece de resistance of the fort, the Diwan-I-Khas was the hall of private
audience. The most highly ornamented of all Shah Jahan's buildings, the 90 x
67 feet Diwani-I-Khas is a pavilion of white marble supported by intricately
carved pillars. So enamoured was the emperor by the beauty of this pavilion
that he engraved on it the following words: If there is paradise on the face
of this earth, it is this, it is this."
Richly decorated with flowers of inlaid mosaic work of cornelian and other stones,
the Diwan-I-Khas once housed the famous Peacock Throne, which when it was plundered
by Nadir Shah in 1739, was valued at six million sterling.
Residence of the senior queens, the Rang Mahal (hall of colours ) has a central
hall surrounded by six apartments. The apartments are assured privacy by intricately
carved screens which do not hinder the free flow of fresh air and light. The
stream of paradise flows through the main hall, and is marked in the centre
by a huge lotus shaped marble basin with an ivory fountain.
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