Northern
Himalayas
The Outer or Southern Himalayas, averaging 900 to 1,200 meters in elevation,
lie between the Lesser Himalayas and the Indo-Gangetic Plain.
In Himachal Pradesh and Uttar Pradesh, this southernmost range is often referred
to as the Siwalik Hills. It is possible to identify a fourth, and northernmost
range, known as the Trans-Himalaya. This range is located entirely on the Qinghai-Xizang
Plateau, north of the great west-to-east trending valley of the Yarlung Zangbo
River.
The submerged landmasses on either side started pushing towards each other,
giving birth to these mountains. This was a relatively recent occurrence in
the geographical time frame, so the Himalaya is considered a young and fragile
land formation. Scientists speculate that the whole process took five to seven
million years. Fossil finds at heights of over 8,000 metres (26,000 feet) support
these theories.
Northern Himalayas
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