Meghalaya is a treasure trove of Nature,
with its richly varied and dense endemic, exotic and cultivated flora. Nature,
in its generous abundance, had bestowed on Meghalaya a unique array of vegetation,
ranging from tropical and sub-tropical to temperate or near temperate. This
is due to the diverse topography, varied and abundant rainfall and differential
climatic and edaphic conditions of the State, within small regions. Biotic factors
have also played an important role, at places decisive.
Geographical position of Meghalaya has it appears favoured immigration and
introduction of different plant species from the neighbouring states of the
North Eastern India and also countries like China, Tibet and Burma.
Geological factors, like the connection of Meghalaya with the land masses
of Peninsular India, the Pacific Islands, Madagaskar and some other portions
of Africa might also have influenced Meghalaya's flora and fauna to some extent.
Depending on the varied scales of rainfall at different parts of the year and
at different altitudes and places, both tropical and temperate vegetation occur
in Meghalaya.
Meghalaya is a paradise to the botanists for its variedly rich concentration
of interesting and valuable flora. It is also no less a happy hunting ground
to the zoologists for its interesting, rare and diverse faunal wealth.
Meghalaya is considered by many biologists to have been the gateway through
which many species of Indo-Chinese origin, particularly mammals, migrated
to Peninsular India.
It is said that about 50% of the total number of mammal genera found in the
entire Indian sub-continent can be seen in Meghalaya and its adjoining states
in the North-East. Out of the above, nine genera of mammals, such as Tupaia,
Rhizomys, Cannomys, Chiropodomys, Micromys etc occur only in Meghalaya and
its adjacent areas.
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